Prime lenses have a fixed focal length such as 12 or 60mm, whereas zooms cover a range of focal length like 12-60mm.
Advantages of primes can include a wider aperture and sometimes they can be smaller than zooms and traditionally they had better image quality but that may not always be true as there are some excellent zooms these days. Zoom lenses have the advantage of being able to give you different focal lengths without changing lenses.
Panasonic and other Micro Four Thirds cameras use a smaller sensor than that used in FF cameras and they have a x2 crop factor compared to "Full Frame 35mm" so a 17mm lens on MFT equates to a 34mm lens on FF.
For old fuddy duddies who grew up with film it's sometimes helpful to think about the crop factor to help understand it all. For example I liked my 35mm lens on my RF but on MFT that would be the equivalent of 70mm so I'd need to buy a 17mm lens to use on MFT to get the same field of view I'd get from a 35mm on that old film RF. So, in that sense although your 100-300mm is definitely a 100-300mm lens and nothing can change that... because that's what it is... it gives the same field of view as a 200-600mm lens would on FF because MFT uses a smaller sensor. The crop factor also works for depth of field and a 17mm lens at f4 will give the same depth as a 35mm lens at f8 on FF.
Light gathering is the same across formats and it doesn't change and there's no crop factor for exposure. If a MFT set up gives a good exposure at 17mm, f4, 1/200 and ISO 200 the FF set up to get the same field of view and exposure will be 35mm, f4, 1/200 and ISO 200. The only difference will be that the FF system will have shallower depth of field.
This is all just for people like me who're stuck in the past and younger people and those who don't have to think back 30 years to understand things needn't bother too much with all this unless they move to another format like APS-C or FF and want to use similar lenses. They then might want to think about crop factors to work out what lenses they want to buy.
Hope that helps