Not something I know much about, but you can batch process in PS, and run "workflows" (I think this is what they are called) in Bridge, which will run ACR and Photoshop in the background. And you can create "droplets" which are icons on the desktop that you can drag multiple files onto for Photoshop to run actions on.
I've seen people create Bridge workflows for this, where, they write a workflow that does what you say, including saving in multiple file sizes, for different purposes, and saving into different folders, where all they do is select the files in Bridge and click on the workflow button.
It's not the way I use Photoshop, but as a toolbox, Bridge, ACR and Photoshop seem capable of providing some smart workflow tools, that are potentially more customisable and powerful than LR. And there are some smart plugins available where a market has been identified: e.g
https://gregbenzphotography.com/web-sharp-pro-panel. or
https://goodlight.us/writing/print/print.html
Given that you get LR and PS for the same subscription, I would mix and match using whichever program best suited my workflow. But I suspect the Bridge, ACR, PS combo is much more powerful in terms of efficient workflows than most people are aware. Maybe, more powerful than LR.
I am happy using PS as a "Plugin" for Capture One, so other than using a few "paid for" actions and plugins in PS, I haven't really studied the workflow tools that PS offers.