When I first saw the picture I was thinking photography not aircraft. My first thought was DOF then it struck me that I was about 1000-1500 ft from the aircraft and there was no way I could have got a DOF of a few feet. The picture was actually taken at F8.
As Joe mentioned the smoke is a clue. The real evidence is the ailerons (the hinged portions at the back of the wings which move in opposition to each other to give the aircraft roll control). The right one is deflected down and left one up. This particular aircraft is one of the most agile in the sky, and with those deflections it is rolling very rapidly to the left. The effect is not quite parallax, but not dissimilar. Basically any part of the aircraft close to the axis of roll only moves a small amount, and anything further away moves more in a fixed time period and so appears more blurred.
I am amazed though at how pronounced the effect is.