The Highway Code IntroductionThis Highway Code applies to England, Scotland and Wales. The Highway Code is essential reading for everyone.
The most vulnerable road users are pedestrians, particularly children, older or disabled people, cyclists, motorcyclists and horse riders. It is important that all road users are aware of the Code and are considerate towards each other. This applies to pedestrians as much as to drivers and riders.
Many of the rules in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey these rules you are committing a criminal offence. You may be fined, given penalty points on your licence or be disqualified from driving. In the most serious cases you may be sent to prison. Such rules are identified by the use of the words MUST/MUST NOT. In addition, the rule includes an abbreviated reference to the legislation which creates the offence. An explanation of the abbreviations can be found in 'The road user and the law'.
Failure to comply with the other rules of the Code will not, in itself, cause a person to be prosecuted. The Highway Code may be used in evidence in any court proceedings under the Traffic Acts (see 'The road user and the law') to establish liability. This includes rules which use advisory wording such as should/should not or do/do not.
Knowing and applying the rules contained in The Highway Code could significantly reduce road casualties. Cutting the number of deaths and injuries that occur on our roads every day is a responsibility we all share. The Highway Code can help us discharge that responsibility. Further information on driving/riding techniques can be found in The Official DSA Guide to Driving - the essential skills and The Official DSA Guide to Riding - the essential skills.
The Road User and the Law
This Highway Code applies to England, Scotland and Wales. The Highway Code is essential reading for everyone.
Road traffic law
The following list can be found abbreviated throughout the Code. It is not intended to be a comprehensive guide, but a guide to some of the important points of law. For the precise wording of the law, please refer to the various Acts and Regulations (as amended) indicated in the Code. Abbreviations are listed below.
Most of the provisions apply on all roads throughout Great Britain, although there are some exceptions. The definition of a road in England and Wales is any highway and any other road to which the public has access and includes bridges over which a road passes (RTA 1988 sect 192(1)). In Scotland, there is a similar definition which is extended to include any way over which the public have a right of passage (R(S)A 1984 sect 151(1)).
It is important to note that references to road therefore generally include footpaths, bridleways and cycle tracks, and many roadways and driveways on private land (including many car parks). In most cases, the law will apply to them and there may be additional rules for particular paths or ways. Some serious driving offences, including drink-driving offences, also apply to all public places, for example public car parks.
Acts and regulations [abbreviations in brackets]
Acts and regulations from 1988 can be viewed on the UK legislation website. Acts and regulations prior to 1988 are only available in their original print format which may be obtained from The Stationery Office. For further information visit the Stationery Office website (TSO).
UK legislation Opens new windowThe Stationery Office website Opens new windowActs and regulations prior to 1988
Chronically Sick & Disabled Persons Act 1970 [CSDPA]
Functions of Traffic Wardens Order 1970 [FTWO]
Greater London (General Powers) Act 1974 [GL(GP)A]
Highway Act 1835 or 1980 (as indicated) [HA]
Motor Cycles (Protective Helmets) Regulations 1980 [MC(PH)R]
Motorways Traffic (England & Wales) Regulations 1982 [MT(E&W)R]
Motorways Traffic (England & Wales) Amended Regulations [MT(E&W)(A)R]
Pedal Cycles (Construction & Use) Regulations 1983 [PCUR]
Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981 [PPVA]
Road Traffic Act 1984, 1988 or 1991 (as indicated) [RTA]
Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 [RTRA]
Road Vehicles (Construction & Use) Regulations 1986 [CUR]
Roads (Scotland) Act 1984 [R(S)A]
Acts and regulations from 1988 onwards
Horses (Protective Headgear for Young Riders) Act 1990 [H(PHYR)A] Opens new windowHorses (Protective Headgear for Young Riders) Regulations 1992 [H(PHYR)R] Opens new windowMotor Cycles (Eye Protectors) Regulations 1999 [MC(EP)R] (PDF, 40K) Opens new windowMotorways Traffic (Scotland) Regulations 1995 [MT(S)R] Opens new windowMotor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999 [MV(DL)R] (PDF, 353K) Opens new windowMotor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) Regulations 1993 [MV(WSB)R] Opens new windowMotor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2006 [MV(WSB)(A)R] Opens new windowMotor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts by Children in Front Seats) Regulations 1993 [MV(WSBCFS)R] Opens new windowNew Roads and Streetworks Act 1991 [NRSWA] Opens new windowPowers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 [PCC(S)A] Opens new windowPolice Reform Act 2002 [PRA] Opens new windowProhibition of Smoking in Certain Premises (Scotland) Regulations 2006 (SI no 90) [PSCP(S)R]* (PDF, 63K) Opens new windowRoad Safety Act 2006 [RSA] (PDF, 547K) Opens new windowRoad Traffic Act 1988 [RTA] Opens new windowRoad Traffic Act 1991 [RTA] Opens new windowRoad Traffic (New Drivers) Act 1995 [RT(ND)A] Opens new windowRoad Traffic Offenders Act 1988 [RTOA] Opens new windowRoad Vehicles (Display of Registration Marks) Regulations 2001 [RV(DRM)R] (PDF, 146K) Opens new windowRoad Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989 [RVLR] Opens new windowRoad Vehicles (Registration & Licensing) Regulations 2002 [RV(R&L)R] (PDF, 45K) Opens new windowTraffic Management Act 2004 [TMA] Opens new windowTraffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2002 [TSRGD] Opens new windowUse of Invalid Carriages on Highways Regulations 1988 [UICHR] Opens new windowVehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 [VERA] Opens new windowZebra, Pelican and Puffin Pedestrian Crossings Regulations and General Directions 1997 [ZPPPCRGD] Opens new windowHelp with PDF files
Help with PDF files*Specific legislation applies to smoking in vehicles which constitute workplaces. For information, visit the links below:
Smokefree England Opens new windowClearing the Air Scotland Opens new windowSmoking Ban Wales Opens new window