The duration of the flash is much shorter than 1/250 unless you use HSS, flash duration will be more like 1/10000 or something, fired off in one go. HSS is a series of lower powered pulses that last for the duration of the two shutter passing across the sensor.
With every camera apart from the D70 AFAIK (including the D200 and all Canons) you had a sync speed above which your flash won't function without being set to HSS or whatever your manufacturer calls it. It is possible under certain circumstances to use a faster shutter speed than the sync speed and fire the flash normally but you will get a black/underexposed portion of the frame because the 2nd curtain passes over the sensor as the flash goes off meaning part of the sensor doesn't see the light from the flash.
Check out the "hacking you camera's sync speed" articles on strobist for a fuller explanation. I suspect that if you watch the range indicator on the back of your flash, as you go past the camer'a sync speed you will see a dramatic reduction in the range of the flash due to it switching to HSS.