Why does a subject that is further away form a camera somtimes seem less sharp than the same subject closer to it?
Depth of field if the focus isn't quite on the subject?
Further away so a smaller presence in the frame so there are less pixels to capture detail giving the appearance of fuzziness?
At greater distances, camera shake becomes MUCH more pronounced, so unless your shooting in perfect conditions, your going to need a tripod or some other support (like bean bags for wildlife).
I took a photo of Lincoln Cathedral the other day from the village I live in. Straight line distance is around 5-6 miles and I used my 5D3 and Sigma 150-500 OS. It was a lovely, warm and clear day but the image was badly distorted by heat haze when I got it on the computer. I've taken similar shots on cooler but clear days and the image is far sharper with the same equipment so I guess the atmospherics (air quality, heat and wind) play a big part in determining how sharp the image comes out.
Hi Dust in the atmospher and heat haze have an efect on the sharpnes of the subject. The more atmosphear the more the efect.