The difference Between 'Data' & Information
The Whether forecast For Birmingham, tomorrow (10am);
Data:
Temperature =10 Degrees
Wind-Speed 11mph North-North-West
Visibility 'good'
Humindity 76%
UV Index 1
Probability of Precipitation 5%
Information:
It'll be cold & dry and a bit cloudy.
Do we need to know the exact temperature or UV index? Do we WANT to know these 'facts', OR do we just want to know whether to take a drolly with us when we go to catch the bus to work?
'Data' is not 'information', it is the unprocessed 'facts' from which you might 'infer' something 'useful' which is the 'information'.
Direct from camera RAW files, contain the 'raw' un-interpreted 'data' that might be used to describe a picture. It is not a 'picture'.
The JPeg 'standard' is a 'standard' for creating a set of 'paint by numbers' instructions for a computer device to paint the picture by numbers.
The 'Raw' snobbery abut the question of 'throwing away data' is some-what curious, as that 'data' unless its used to make a picture is pretty much irrelevant and useless.... what counts is what's in the data file that paints by numbers the picture you see... which means the 'throwing away data' issue isn't one.. its merely WHO throws away the data and decides what is or isn't thrown away....
Issue as to how much 'less' 'original' data is contained in a JPEG is then some-what mute, if you consider that's always what you are going to 'see', and the 'information' that's important is the data-file describing those display pixels, where, what the camera saw might not actually be all that important or relevant.
You can make a JPeg 'picture' file in 'Paint'; you don't need ANY 'original data' from a camera, and having more data wont make your display picture any more 'accurate' or 'faithful', to what you saw.
It offers some small additional chance in PP to make some pretty limited adjustment to you might use to add correction you couldn't if the camera has encoded straight to JPEG, interpreting the capture data as the cameras programmers have pre-determined, rather than how you might choose, but it IS a pretty limited amount of adjustment.
And ultimately you are goig to end up looking at a paint by numbers 'display' image, so does it really matter whether any 'Post-Processing' to effect a look or style, comes from original captured data, or from data recorded in Post-Process, from moving a slider, adding a 'one touch filter effect' or even painting in individual pixels to spot-out or clone in, or even paint over what is there with what we want to be there in the displayed image.
That, the displayed image, is at the end of the day what we see, regardless of what relevant or irrelevant data might be the stored image file, surely?!