Squishy's pretty much covered things here
As already stated, Canon EOS DSLRs will meter with pretty much any lens in front of them. Mount the lens onto the adapter, mount the lens onto the camera and switch to aperture priority mode. Set the camera to the maximum aperture available (usually f1.4, but this varies by adapter). Focus, set the aperture on the lens and shoot away! When shooting at f8 and above you may find that the camera over or under expose, so a small amount of exposure compensation may be required.
Canons can take M42, Pentax PK lenses (though not safely on full frame cameras), Contax/Yashica lenses, Nikon lenses (G lenses are more difficult to adapt, but adapters for these particular Nikon lenses are now coming down in price), Olympus OM lenses and Leica R lenses. Praktica PB lenses and Exakta lenses can be adapted but probably won't reach infinity due to small sensor register distance difference.
Minolta MD and Canon FD lenses are generally not a great idea on Canon cameras as an adapter with an optical element is required to gain infinity focusing (or more than just a few feet normally). The glass adapters reduce sharpness a touch, but also act as a mild teleconverter, slowing the lenses and reducing IQ in the corners. They work well on micro 4/3 cameras and Sony Nex bodies though!
As for adapters, the Lens Doctor talks badly of sellers advertising lenses with a small amoutn of dust inside, hoping to increase sales. I've never seen dust affect image quality! I've no idea what the adapter quality is, but I still wouldn't recommend it. Even Canon only intended their OEM adapters to be used with long L lenses.
I would, however, recommend adapters with an EMF chip. These chips can be programmed via the camera body to record focal length and max aperture. The best bit though, is that you can micro adjust the AF confirm. Normal AF chips aren't calibrated to every Canon body, so the red lights in the viewfinder can light when your subject isn't actually fully in focus...a right pain!
Hope this has been helpful!