As soon as you start to apply a fixed style then you are abdicating responsibility for the look of your images. Sure there are a variety of tools. But it is how you use the tools that makes the difference. As soon as you hand those tools to someone else then it becomes someone elses work.
Every shot you take is shaped by someone else, the choices you make are guided by images you've already seen, a fixed style is not limited to an action or keyboards/software.
I'm gonna copyright my hanging upside down from a clothes airer pose.......and.....smoke art, comic strip hdr and drips, yes drips of any kind are mine now so think on...:nono:
I shot it, you copied my idea, therefore you'll all be hearing from my solicitor in due course.
Seriously though, I think this action thing is being take too seriously, some peeps are putting far too much value on it.
An action is not worth any more than a pose, an arrangement, a look, style or anything else.
If you frown upon the use of an action created by somebody else, then you must do the same for all other ways of being creative that have already been shot by somebody else, which includes pretty much everything....ever.
You can't copyright an action, just like you can't copyright a pose or a scene that you alone constructed.
There is, no difference imo..
The smoke screen side issue regarding what you should or should not be doing for yourself, is just that, a side issue related to finding your own way, it could just as easily apply to hardware, what you should be doing is shooting an all manual camera and a lightmeter.
Ain't nobody gonna swallow that, its about as relevant as using your own action for personal development.