So a pixel is a sample point. OED defines point as:
So a pixel is a point which is a very small dot.
Pixel = dot
Ok, I'm being a bit silly here but I think the point (groan) is clear. Pixels are just another word for dots, points, squares, triangle, circles, etc. The phrase was introduced in technical papers as a way to reference a "thing" - it's not exclusive to digital images or any particular type of data although it often associated with bitmap images.
PPI can describe image resolution & DPI describes device resolution. The PPI value in the image defines the desired real world size whereas the DPI of the device describes it's output resolution. DPI/PPI tells you how many dots the output device will use per image pixel to render the image at the target size but that's not something you often need to know or care about, unless you're coding a device driver
Or to put it another way - an image is made from pixels and pixels are rendered from (device) dots that might be smaller, larger or the same size as the pixels.
edit to add - of course it could be argued that the dots that make up the pixels have become the pixels (picture elements) of the rendered image, if we keep going we'll end up with quantum pixels