That lens has a 77mm thread so if you are wanting round screw in filters then you either need a 77mm filter or, as said above filters to fit your largest diameter lens and then step down rings to reduce the size.
If you are looking for Square slide in filters then you're probably looking for a 100mm system. This will require the adapter ring for each lens you plan on using the system with (77mm for this lens), the holder which clips onto the adapter ring and the 100mm square filters.
Does it?
This may vary from system to system but with the Cokin square system I have the adapter is basically a step up ring with a large flat surface which slots into the back of the filter holder instead of another threaded end. The adapters flat surface is either bigger or smaller as required depending on the thread diameter. Therefore I only need one adapter for my largest lens and stepping rings for the others and that works for me. Unless I've missed something and other systems don't work like that.
If adapters are cheaper than step up rings then that's the way to go though.
Yes, Lee is the same but you still need to buy the correct sized adapter ring to fit the lenses filter thread, 77mm in the case of this lens but other lenses may require a smaller adapter ring.
Yes, obviously you need to buy one adapter but just to be clear you potentially only need one adapter for the largest filter thread lens and step up rings could be used for other lenses. I just think that step up rings are more useful whereas adapters just have one use. Looking at the price of adapters they can be anything from £10 to £45 whereas your average step up ring can be much less, I think mine were typically under £5 each.
Well yes, I guess you could do that. Personally, I prefer to have a ring on all of my lenses at all times so there's no faffing around swapping adapter rings when in the field.
The only other issue I can foresee is that by stacking rings on a 16mm lens could cause vignetting.
I have rings on all my landscape lenses too. Far too much hassle swapping them on and off,Well yes, I guess you could do that. Personally, I prefer to have a ring on all of my lenses at all times so there's no faffing around swapping adapter rings when in the field.
The only other issue I can foresee is that by stacking rings on a 16mm lens could cause vignetting.