Yes you can, but I'm at work right now and can't really explain how to do it in depth.
When your 580 is on camera, you can control everything from the back of the camera (very handy) and there is an option to disable the 580 from firing (it will still fire, but this is the pre flash that tells the 430 what to do, and isn't part of the exposure.)
You can set it all in the custom functions etc on the back of the flashes too, but it's a lot easier just to control everything with the camera menu.