You have to expose for the highlights - I don't mean meter them as if they were a mid-grey, but take account of them. It was a basic of photography in colour transparency days and that translates over into digital. These days, we have histograms for quick review. Also, but this doesn't remove the need to take care, using raw should provide some more headroom (recoverability) than just shooting in jpg.
Modern cameras (sensors etc) have made all this easier because there's less degradation (noise) if you need to lift the shadows in processing later to compensate for an exposure that protects the highlights.