Salt water is the main enemy of magnesium alloy, commonly used by tripod manufacturers for lightness, cost and strength. Salt is highly corrosive and aluminium is not completely immune to it either. Stainless steel is best, but I don't know of any manufacturer using that now. Gitzo introduced the Ocean line with stainless steel but very expensive and now discontinued. I think they've also produced a new model with carbon-fibre hardware - maybe a limited edition anniversary model and don't ask the price.
Tripods can be surprisingly delicate. They're designed to be strong in one dimension only, so expect problems if you whack them against a door or shut them in the boot lid or sit on them. Salt water will also attack paint chips if you throw them around, and sand is very bad news too. Realistically, there is no practical/affordable way of 100% avoiding water/sand getting in over time, other than careful handling. Fortunately, most tripods are easy to take apart and wash/clean/dry/re-grease (google it) and that's a regular routine for seascapers. Most leg lever-locks are also adjustable for wear to keep them tight.