When you look through a viewfinder you are looking at a projected image (onto the focus screen) as opposed to an Arial image (such as viewing a print), because of this the lens you have will effect if the projected image is sharp or not. This means you cant really tell if you have a problem by looking at a subject in the viewfinder.
The best thing to do is take the lens off and look through the viewfinder at the display (LEDs or whatever your camera has). If they are sharp you have not got a problem, if they are not sharp you need a dioptre correction lens (and probably glasses as well, an eye test will tell you what strength of correction you need).
As Chuckles said most cameras are set to minus one dioptre. This is because most people with an eye problem will be short sighted so -1 will help, where as with normal eye sight you eye will be able to accommodate this fairly small adjustment (conversely if it were +1 a normal eye would struggle with it).
Astigmatism, is the worst problem to cope with (in terms of cameras) because this means you do not have an overall short (-1 etc) or long (+1etc) sighted problem but a variation in plane of focus across your field of vision. A prescription for astigmatism would read something like -1.25 to +0.5 over a 90 degrees axis, this would not be possible to correct in your viewfinder with a standard correction lens. A prescription one could be made but it would be very expensive to one grind one to fit your prescription/camera.
As has been noted the type of view finder will have an effect as well. The F3 HP (meaning high eye point) mentioned previously is one of the best. If you wear glasses a camera with a long eye relief viewfinder will allow you to see the full screen with your glasses on as the point at which you view is not set at the viewfinder glass but a bit back from it. This means the added distance your glasses make between your eye and the glass is accommodated in the optical design. This is what the F3 HP is doing, people with normal eyes will also benefit as the sweet spot that your eye can work in is greater than a standard viewfinder.
I hope this is of interest, do feel free to correct anything you feel I may have got wrong or badly explained. The viewfinder test however is a good one whatever the science behind it.