No a macro lens is not essential, there are other ways of doing it.
1/ You could use a close up lens. probably not the best way, as they do tend to screw up IQ. But it is a relatively cheap option.
2/Extension tubes. More expensive and you could lose some functions such as Auto Focus
Also you will find your lens effective aperture will increase, resulting in a F4 lens becoming F5.6 or even F8, depending on the size of the tubes used. The advantage is you retain the quality of the original lens.
3/ Bellows, Similar to Extension tubes
4/ If you have camera with a reasonably sized sensor , plus a good lens and you don't want a large print you could try cropping the image. Cheapest option but may impact on IQ
A Macro lens does have a lot going for it, especially ease of use, however you have to weigh the cost of a decent one against the amount of macro you do