Anything that effects exposure - shutter speed, aperture and ISO - is always recorded on the Raw. And as a rule, nothing else does...
...though that's only 99% true. In fact, there are all sorts of small changes that manufacturers apply to the Raw without telling us, but they're mostly tiny calibration type tweaks that nobody needs to bother with so all is well. However, Canon applies Highlight Tone Priority adjustments to the Raw (because it's effectively a selective ISO adjustment) but not Auto Lighting Optimiser (because that's a JPEG tweak) and other makers do things like apply lens distortion corrections to Raws, and CA and vignetting reductions too (including the Leica T!).
Picture Styles (contrast, sharpening, saturation etc) are not applied to Raws, though they will show on the LCD image even when only shooting Raw - because the LCD shows a small JPEG tagged to the Raw file (which it has to, as you can't actually view a Raw). Many post-processing programmes will pick up the Exif data on a Raw file and apply Picture Styles as a starting point, but of course you can change all that.