Okay, here we go.
Test kit
*Canon 6D
*Sandisk Ultra SD 32GB (20MB/s rated)
*Sandisk Extreme SD 16GB (45MB/s read / 45MB/s write rated)
*Transcend UHS-I SDHC 32GB (45MB/s read / 90MB/s write rated)
Test Process
i). Format card within 6D
ii). Set manual shutter speed to 1/2000 sec, manual focus, place camera in burst mode. Image size set to RAW Large.
iii). Hold shutter until slow down / buffer full. Record number of shots before slowdown.
iv). Continue firing for 9-10 after slow down. Measure perceived buffer full fps.
v). Allow buffer to clear, measure clear time (phone stopwatch used).
Results
Average RAW image size 23 MBytes
1. Sandisk Ultra SD 32GB (20MB/s rated)
Shots until buffer full:
12
FPS after buffer full:
1 shot every 3 secs / 0.3 fps
Buffer clear time:
38 secs
2. Sandisk Extreme SD 16GB (45MB/s read / 45MB/s write rated)
Shots until buffer full:
15
FPS after buffer full:
1.5 to 2 shots per sec / 1.75 fps
Buffer clear time:
8 secs
3. Transcend UHS-I SDHC 32GB (45MB/s read / 90MB/s write rated)
Shots until buffer full:
15
FPS after buffer full:
1.5 to 2 shots per sec / 1.75 fps
Buffer clear time:
7 secs
Conclusion
The old Sandisk Ultra is dog slow on a modern DSLR taking approx 3 seconds to write every file to card. The Sandisk Extreme and Transcend UHS-I perform very similar. Perhaps the Transcend feels slightly faster, but there really is nothing in it. Both of these cards write Large 23MB RAW files at approx two per second, indicating ~45MB/s write rates. The unknown element is whether it is the latter two cards or the 6D which are equaling the shot rates. ATTO benchmark indicates that the Transcend should be faster but I cannot feel or measure the difference whilst shooting. Other online tests between the Sandisk Extreme (45MB/s) and Sandisk Extreme Pro (90MB/s) on Canon 5D3's show that speeds appear very similar, so I assume it is the camera body which becomes the bottleneck.
I personally would choose the Transcend card based on price, rated performance, reviews and Widows performance, and my own personal experience. Both are good. I have never experienced an SD card failure from any brand.
edit:
ATTO benchmarks for all three
Sandisk Ultra
Sandisk Extreme
Transcend UHS-I
Results seem pretty conclusive to me. The Ultra is sloooowwwwww, the Extreme is fast, and the Transcend is 50% faster with writes and 100% faster with reads than the Sandisk Extreme.