Hey Matt - I agree with what Si said above, you'd best get an electrician if you are not comfortable with this. You could do yourself a serious injury, honestly.
However - as a fyi of course and NOT suggesting you do this yourself...
You state there are two live and two neutral wires coming out of the ceiling yes...? Are you stating this because two are brown or red, and two are black...?
Let's examine this scenario: A single light being illuminated by a single switch.
The live (brown or red) from the supply comes into the switch, and a single 'switched live' (could be red or brown - or anything the person who installed it used really - this is the danger) goes to the ceiling rose and on to the bulb. The other side of the bulb (usually black) then returns to the neutral side - so when the switch is switched, power gets through to the bulb and it illuminates.
When there's more than one wire coming to/from a ceiling rose, it means there's either another bulb in the circuit (as in the case of hallway/landing combination), or perhaps a feed has been taken from that ceiling rose to feed another light switch elsewhere in the lighting circuit.
If this were set up according to building and electrical regs, then the supply (common live) should be taken to the ceiling rose, then to the switch, then back to the switched live of the ceiling rose, out to the bulb, back from the bulb to the common neutral.
Hope that explains (1) what might be happening and (2) how dangerous it can be when messing with electrical supply... it's a killer if errors are made.