The Venus and the moon thing will be all about dynamic range, I would have thought the moon will blow the sky to hell and back long before Venus gets a look in, but I dunno.
Not sure what you mean about grain either, long exposures have little effect of the amount of grain produced, just choose a fine grain film and sympathetic processing.
28mm is pretty wide to expect any kind of detail on any planet, a dot is the best you can expect.
I think you will see short star trails after a couple of minutes exposure.
I have a picture....I'll go find it
^^ this is Velvia 100F, the lens is a 50 on 6x6, so a similar view to a 28mm on a 35mm camera, the exposure is 6 minutes.
How long really depends on how long you want the trails to be. As i recall it's about 10-15 seconds at 50mm before you just start to notice them, so you're talking a good few minutes at least. I might even try for 10, but the settings you would need for that really depend on conditions at the time (weather, light pollution etc). There are a few rough calculators on the web, i used an android app last time i tried. Sadly i can't remember the name of it, must have removed it since it stopped working on 1.5. Would probably have worked if i wasn't such an idiot with not changing the aperture back after opening it so i could actually look through the viewfinder
And by the way, new moon is the name for when the moon is completely dark. Sounds as though you're assuming the opposite? Even so, i wouldn't try it when it's a full moon, it is amazingly bright, it gets very hard to see all but the brightest stars or planets. I remember i needed 1/1000 to get detail on the surface last time i tried with a full moon
Even with a telescope you usually get the best viewings when it's nowhere near full, all the craters and hills will cast shadows which makes them much easier to see, adds so much more depth to it. Although at 28mm you're probably not fussed about that.
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