Welcome to the forum David. At the risk of stating the obvious, if you point your camera at the right subject, and shoot at the right time, that's all it takes. And that's the hardest thing about photography - the "seeing" part.
Back in the 1960s, I read The Dumpy Pocket Book of Photography. Small, 5/-, hardback, and it claimed to contain everything you really needed to know. I think the claim was largely justified. It started by stating that if you were setting out to buy the prefect camera, save your shoe leather - there's no such thing. The author (Denys Davies) advised buying the cheapest camera you could find and using it for a year to discover where it was limiting you, and then you could make an informed decision. My take is that camera is just a tool, and a precision screwdriver might be a very fine instrument, but perhaps not the best for driving nails into masonry...
A lot of technical information (and specialised equipment) is needed in some areas, yes; but for most people it's largely unnecessary. The camera can make the right choice most times; and spending more time thinking about the subject and being selective is probably a better use of effort than trying to control the technical stuff. When you can see problems that could be solved by changing settings or whatever, that's the time to start thinking about them, and probably not before.
Personally, I learned more about what I see as the important stuff from Ernst Gombrich's art history; but that's as much a reflection of my approach as anything. My advice, for what it's worth, is to look at images (whether photographs or paintings) and try to work out what you like and perhaps more importantly, don't like. There are "tricks" to constructing an image, but personally I like Edward Weston's idea of composition as "the strongest way of seeing".
I can't resist ending on an equipment related quote to be pondered:
"No photographer is as good as the simplest camera" (Edward Steichen).
P.S. My own favourite cameras are manual focus and without any built in meter, so I'm definitely not at the front edge of technology - although my absolute favourite camera is made mainly of aircraft grade aluminium...